Engineering Change Order for Combinational and Sequential Design Rectification

Engineering change order (ECO) becomes a crucial element in VLSI design flow to rectify function or fix non-functional requirements in late design stages. Even though commercial ECO solutions are available, ECO remains much room for improvement due to its high computational complexity and stringent physical restrictions. It is under active research and development. In this tutorial, we survey recent developments and list some challenges and future directions to make ECO tools more powerful and practical.