Investigations of silicon nano-crystal floating gate memories
Arvind Kumar, Jeffrey J. Welser, et al.
MRS Spring 2000
Quantitative differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) is used to measure the Coulombic efficiency of discharge and charge [(e -/O 2) dis and (e -/O 2) chg] and chemical rechargeability (characterized by the O 2 recovery efficiency, OER/ORR) for Li-O 2 electrochemistry in a variety of nonaqueous electrolytes. We find that none of the electrolytes studied are truly rechargeable, with OER/ORR <90% for all. Our findings emphasize that neither the overpotential for recharge nor capacity fade during cycling are adequate to assess rechargeability. Coulometry has to be coupled to quantitative measurements of the chemistry to measure the rechargeability truly. We show that rechargeability in the various electrolytes is limited both by chemical reaction of Li 2O 2 with the solvent and by electrochemical oxidation reactions during charging at potentials below the onset of electrolyte oxidation on an inert electrode. Possible mechanisms are suggested for electrolyte decomposition, which taken together, impose stringent conditions on the liquid electrolyte in Li-O 2 batteries. © 2012 American Chemical Society.
Arvind Kumar, Jeffrey J. Welser, et al.
MRS Spring 2000
A. Nagarajan, S. Mukherjee, et al.
Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME
Ming L. Yu
Physical Review B
P.C. Pattnaik, D.M. Newns
Physical Review B