Frank R. Libsch, Takatoshi Tsujimura
Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays Technology and Applications 1997
A well-defined high molecular weight poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) was synthesized by "living"/controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of β-butyrolactone (BL) using a metal-free catalytic system. The ROP was initiated from either primary alcohol or carboxylic acid added with 1 equiv of a stable carbene, i.e., 1,3,4-triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene carbene, 1. Interestingly, perfect control over molecular weight (M n up to 32 000 g·mol -1). molecular weight distribution (M w/M n ∼ 1.1 - 1.3) and end group fidelity was attained using t-BuOH as the only polymerization solvent at 80 °C. Structural and kinetics studies highlighted an anionic polymerization mechanism where the protonated 1 (1-H) played the role of associated counterion. Attesting for the control of the ROP, amphiphilic block copolymers were further synthesized by polymerization of BL from poly(ethylene oxide) α-methoxy, ω-carboxylic acid macroinitiator while their tensioactive properties were evidenced by the pendant drop method. © 2007 American Chemical Society.
Frank R. Libsch, Takatoshi Tsujimura
Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays Technology and Applications 1997
A. Nagarajan, S. Mukherjee, et al.
Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME
Sharee J. McNab, Richard J. Blaikie
Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings
Ronald Troutman
Synthetic Metals