Michiel Sprik
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter
A very simple derivation is given of the ionization probability P − for negative ions sputtered off a metal surface. The result P −≈e−(ϕ−A)/cv⊥ shows the experimentally observed dependences on work function ϕ, atomic affinity A, and outwards velocity v ⊥. Estimates of c show good agreement with experiment, too. The physical picture behind the process is discussed. © 1983 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Michiel Sprik
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter
Andreas C. Cangellaris, Karen M. Coperich, et al.
EMC 2001
Lawrence Suchow, Norman R. Stemple
JES
David B. Mitzi
Journal of Materials Chemistry