Andrew M. Childs, Isaac L. Chuang, et al.
Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
A nuclear magnetic-resonance (NMR) quantum computer demonstrating a quantum algorithm that exponentially outperforms classical algorithms is described. A NMR quantum computer consists of a molecule with several atoms with a spin-1/2 nucleus. The description of the fundamental concepts behind quantum computations, qubits, quantum parallelism, quantum algorithms, and challenges of building a quantum computer are discussed.