W.K. Chu, J.F. Ziegler, et al.
Applied Physics Letters
A survey of the experimental energy loss of 4He ions shows systematic differences between elemental solids and gases. The solid-gas differences are proposed as an empirical first-order correction to obtain solid-target values from gas-target stopping cross sections. These corrections are of the order of 20% for 4He ions of 1 MeV. A series of experiments on the energy loss of 4He ions in oxygen and nitrogen in solid oxides and nitrides are in agreement with the empirical correction factor proposed.
W.K. Chu, J.F. Ziegler, et al.
Applied Physics Letters
J.F. Ziegler
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
J.S.-Y. Feng, D.A. Thompson
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
J.F. Ziegler, H.P. Muhlfeld, et al.
IBM J. Res. Dev