Soft x-ray diffraction of striated muscle
S.F. Fan, W.B. Yun, et al.
Proceedings of SPIE 1989
Thin W films, deposited by magnetron sputtering, were deposited on silicon-dioxide surfaces at near-room temperature at thicknesses from 3 to 150 nm. As such, films below 45 nm thickness showed evidence of metastable beta-phase W which changed to alpha phase in a period of hour to days at room temperature, and faster at elevated temperature. Films >45 nm thickness, when deposited with better cooling, showed evidence of beta-phase W which then changed to alpha phase in tens of hours with an average activation energy of 1.1±0.2 eV.
S.F. Fan, W.B. Yun, et al.
Proceedings of SPIE 1989
Heinz Schmid, Hans Biebuyck, et al.
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures
Kenneth R. Carter, Robert D. Miller, et al.
Macromolecules
Thomas E. Karis, C. Mark Seymour, et al.
Rheologica Acta