M.A. Lutz, R.M. Feenstra, et al.
Surface Science
Variations of local electronic structure of fully and partially protonated emeraldine hydrochloride films, as determined by tunneling spectroscopy in a scanning tunneling microscope, are compared. Two types of electronic structure predominate, a highly conductive metallic-like, and a less conductive semiconductor-like structure. These variations were observed on length scales of tens of nanometers. Additionally, some measurements provide evidence for the existence of regions with a locally stable bipolaron configuration. Implications of these first observations of spatial variations of electronic structure in an amorphous organic material to the conduction mechanisms proposed for polyaniline are discussed. © 1989.
M.A. Lutz, R.M. Feenstra, et al.
Surface Science
Elizabeth A. Sholler, Frederick M. Meyer, et al.
SPIE AeroSense 1997
Thomas H. Baum, Carl E. Larson, et al.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
Sang-Min Park, Mark P. Stoykovich, et al.
Advanced Materials